How a regular person, with no special talent in anything, pursues goals in music, etc. Some tangential or completely off-topic posts will appear as well.
Tuesday, February 13, 2007
Solo Kanun performance
Turkish Kanun music is something I am not familiar with. Despite the distorted audio quality, I was blown away by this performance. This music reminds me of both Spanish flamenco and Persian music at once.
Friday, February 09, 2007
Book: Creative Rhythmic Concepts for Jazz Improvisation
A sample lesson on improvising with Odd Metres, with Quicktime example, can be found here.
Mac OSX Defragmentation
In spite of this, a number of people in the Mac DAW (Digital Audio Workstation) community use iDeFrag to defragment their hard drives. I guess sometimes you just have to clear some space right that moment and don't want to wait for OSX to try to do it for you. Hot-File awareness is a selling point of iDeFrag.
Wednesday, February 07, 2007
Switched to Blogger 2.0, got some glitches
Monday, February 05, 2007
Lecture on Microtones in Arabic Music
This excellent lecture by Sami Abu Shumays explains the problem of trying to shoehorn Arabic maqam into strict 24-tone Equal Temperament, as part of a general introduction into the use of microtones in Arabic Music.
Sunday, February 04, 2007
YouTube - Jazz guitar - walking bass lesson
I've actually gone even further down the road to a back-to-basics approach in my guitar musicianship education, by getting and starting to work with A Modern Method For Guitar , the first volume of which recently became available in a book/DVD-ROM package.
But for those readers who are ready to take on the challenge, check out the above lesson on how to put together walking bass lines and chords.
Friday, February 02, 2007
Nice Ney Impression on Synth
Wednesday, January 31, 2007
How to prevent brain mush and feed your soul
If I ever do get caught up with my magazine reading, I plan to check out some classic literature. I am definitely ignorant when it comes to Shakespeare. This article, found on the Arts Journal blog, makes a convincing argument to read Shakespeare.
Monday, January 29, 2007
Free Bananas Blog
Click HERE for the direct link to the post with the tracklist and MP3 file link for a Middle Eastern-themed DJ set that includes both Galvanize and Just Tell Me The Truth.
Links to various NAMM 2007 Coverage Sites
Batmosphere Blog
Namm Oddities
I'll either update this Permalink or just add more NAMM coverage posts. The problem with much of the Internet coverage of NAMM is that they are oriented towards guitars, keyboards, and computers - it is harder to find coverage of new products for those who play bowed strings, brass, woodwind, and other instrumentation not typical of the rock genre.
Friday, January 12, 2007
Antonio Gates interview from The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson
Thursday, December 21, 2006
Physical Training Status
4 x 7
A program designed by Scott Sonnon that incorporates the Three Wings of CST (Intu-Flow, Prasara Yoga, and Clubbell Training), for improving general athleticism (strength, explosiveness, etc.).
FlowFit
An all-bodyweight strength and conditioning program addressing the Six Degrees Of Freedom, based on Prasara Yoga. From the Wiki page:
Six degrees of freedom (6DoF) refers to motion in three dimensional space, namely the ability to move forward/backward, up/down, left/right (translation in three perpendicular axes) combined with rotation about three perpendicular axes (yaw, pitch, roll).
Viniyoga/Bullwhip
My current program - I practice Clubbell lifting that is focused on the Bullwhip Combination Routine and a personalized Viniyoga routine on alternating days.
A little bit about each:
4 x 7
The "4" is the four days of a cycle in this program. The "7" is the total number of 4-day cycles, thus bringing the length of the program to 28 days. Day One is Moderate Intensity, Day Two is High Intensity, Day Three is No Intensity (active recovery with joint mobility emphasis), and Day Four is Low Intensity (active recovery using Prasara Yoga, to prep the body for more work). The Day One and Day Two sessions utilize Clubbells, a pullup bar, and a box (or similar implement) for strength/explosiveness training and conditioning. When I tried 4x7, I enjoyed the exercises but I decided my lower back was not ready for the plyometric jumps and the Four Corner Squats (sophisticated variations of the one-legged squat). Also upon retrospect, I was working with a heavier Clubbell than I should have been using for the 2-handed Clubbell exercises of this program.
FlowFit
The FlowFit program consists of 7 exercise families to address the aforementioned Six Degrees of Freedom. Each exercise family has four variations, one for each level of difficulty. In addition, there are Flows, each of which consists of a members of each of the seven exercise families linked together into one continuous movement. There are four Flows, one per difficulty level. This program was designed to be as accessible to as wide a range of people as possible. The Level 1 Flow and exercises, for example, utilize a sturdy stool as a prop for those who are really, really out of shape or recovering from serious injury. As with several other CST programs, the ultimate goal of FlowFit is to achieve "flow-state", otherwise referred to as "being in the zone", which is what elite sportsmen and women such as Michael Jordan, Serena Williams, and Tom Brady experience at the very top of their games.
My personal experience with FlowFit was that it was at first a welcome relief for my back from the plyometric jumps, Four Corner Squats, and heavy two-handed Clubbell work of 4x7. But then I noticed left shoulder soreness and left knee soreness - both joints were previously injured - start to reappear and gradually be aggravated.
Viniyoga/Bullwhip
Viniyoga, according to the American Viniyoga Institute website, is
an approach to Yoga that adapts the various means and methods of practice to the unique condition, needs and interests of the individual - giving each practitioner the tools to individualize and actualize the process of self-discovery and personal transformation.
This approach evolved out of the teachings transmitted by T. Krishnamacharya and T.K.V. Desikachar of Madras, India.
My previous experience with Yoga, the 12-week course in Iyengar-style yoga, had a positive effect on my low back recovery. However, I was intrigued by the personalized approach to Yoga study and practice promised by Viniyoga, so I found a local instructor and began taking lessons. I am now four weeks into my personalized version of the 10-session low back recovery program developed by Gary Kraftsow at the AVI. My teacher in particular customized the program to address my previous shoulder issue, as well as monitor my low back and adjust the program accordingly. Unlike Iyengar style which seems to place more emphasis on getting into a posture and holding it there, my Viniyoga program places more emphasis on gentle movement into and out of postures, in sync with the breath. So far, the positive effects on my low back recovery have been noticeable and more dramatic than when I took the Iyengar class.
The Bullwhip is a combination routine for single Clubbell, which consists of the component exercises known as the Parry Cast, Arm Cast, and Front Pendulum. I feel this is also having a positive effect on my back recovery.
Wednesday, December 13, 2006
AJ Smith, General Manager of the San Diego Chargers
Smith clearly believes the key to building a winning team is a solid draft. The 2004 NFL draft was AJ's first truly great draft. It netted the following standout players:
QB Philip Rivers - Now the trigger man of the NFL's highest scoring offense
DE Igor Olshansky - Solid run-stopper and contributor to the NFL's top pass rush
PK Nate Kaeding - Solid kicker who has several touchbacks this year
Offensive linemen Nick Hardwick and Shane Olivea - Key players on the Chargers' best offensive line in years
OLB Shaun Phillips - One of the AFC's top pass rushers, who is also solid in pass coverage and tackling
RB Michael Turner - Capable backup to the great Ladianian Tomlinson,who has made some big plays. Also an excellent kick returner.
The 2005 NFL draft netted the following standout players:
OLB Shawne Merriman - One of the NFL's most disruptive defenders who has just reclaimed the lead in sacks, despite missing 4 games on suspension
DE/DT Luis Castillo - In a 3-4 defense, his job is to take on blockers to free up the likes of Phillips and Merriman to make plays. But he is also explosive enough to make plays on his own
WR Vincent Jackson - A monstrous (6' 5", 241 lb) WR with speed and hands. Though currently a backup, Jackson showed big play capability this year, as well as excellent run-blocking
RB/KR Darren Sproles - A dangerous kick returner who unfortunately is missing this season due to injury
The 2006 NFL draft netted these standouts:
CB Antonio Cromartie - Despite being a rookie, he has been mostly solid as a nickel corner. He has also had some big returns as a kick returner. Cromartie has the greatest physical upside (size, reach, speed) of all Charger CBs.
OT Marcus McNeill - Took over the offensive left tackle position and has exceeded all expectations, excelling in both pass protection and run-blocking. Has the best size-speed combination of all Charger offensive linemen. All top scoring offenses have an elite-class left tackle and the Chargers are no exception.
QB Charlie Whitehurst - A controversial pick to some, but with the departure of Drew Brees and the ascendancy of Philip Rivers, its nice to have another talented young QB to develop in case anything happens to Rivers.
Key free agents brought in by Smith, via trade or straight signing:
WR Keenan McCardell - An accomplished veteran who is not only a key player in the offense but also a teacher to the younger wide receivers.
OT Roman Oben - A solid starter at left tackle in 2004 and 2005, until he was sidelined by injury. Now a solid backup to McNeill.
S Marlon McCree - A veteran playmaking safety who is now doing for the Chargers secondary what McCardell did for the WRs, provide leadership and share secrets of the trade, as well as make plays on the field as the starting free safety.
ILB Randall Godfrey - Solid run stopper
TE Brandon Manumaleuna - Gets plenty of playing time as the Chargers love to use 2-TE sets. He was acquired for his blocking and has excelled in that capacity. However, he has also provided an unexpected bonus as a receiver with his soft hands. His monstrous 288-lb girth makes him a load as both a blocker and receiver. He's a key component of the power run blocking package that makes Tomlinson unstoppable in goal line situations.
QB Billy Volek - Veteran backup to Rivers, who excelled as a Tennesee Titan in relief of injured QB Steve McNair
S Bhawoh Jue - One-time starter at FS who is a solid backup to McCree
CB/S Steve Gregory - Undrafted free agent excelling as a special teams tackler.
OLB Marques Harris - Helped fill in ably for Merriman during his suspension
nfl - Helped fill in for the injured Castillo and is a solid contributor to the DL rotation
You can see from the sheer number of contributing players listed that were acquired in just the past 3 years how AJ Smith transformed the San Diego Chargers from a bad team into a team that just won the AFC West and is expected by many to go to the Superbowl.
In conclusion, here's a photo sequence of AJ Smith enjoying Tomlinson's record-breaking 29th touchdown of the 2006 season, against the rival Broncos. I love this sequence because it shows AJ Smith the passionate football fan, not AJ Smith the hard-nosed businessman:
Wednesday, December 06, 2006
Blind, Physically-Challenged Musician in Louisville Marching Band
Tuesday, December 05, 2006
Sight-Reading Tips for Guitarists
Sight Reading by Steve Carter
Tuesday, November 28, 2006
How the GR-300 Works
Tuesday, November 21, 2006
Ladanian Tomlinson sets 100 TD record
In honor of this accomplishment, a Charger fan put together this highlight compilation video:
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8490062482782248854&hl=en
Monday, November 13, 2006
Bear McCreary: Soundtrack Composer for Battlestar Galactica
Check out Create Digital Music's informative article on Bear McCreary!.
Wednesday, October 11, 2006
Great Philip Rivers moment
My favorite Philip Rivers moment in the Chargers latest victory over the Pittsburgh Steelers was not one of his two touchdown passes, but his 15-yard run for a first down. The sheer passion which he displayed at the end of the run is indicative of the kind of leadership I like to see from the starting quarterback of the San Diego Chargers:
Thursday, October 05, 2006
Michael Brecker-Pat Metheny Quartet excerpt
Michael Brecker Pat Metheny Quartet : Timeline
Getting back into jazz guitar
As a result of the switch, I've once again become interested in jazz guitar. Now, our band is not a jazz band nor is it a jazz-rock fusion band. However, I do have some fondness for that genre of music, and the study of jazz is one of the most comprehensive means to develop improvisational skills that can be applied to rock and other contemporary styles of music. I'm going the route of self-teaching at this point, as I have had lessons with teachers in the past - enough to know what I'm doing on the guitar (at least I like to think so), though I'm not ruling out studying with a master improvisor or composer/theorist in the future.
The books I am using at this time:
Robert Conti's Source Code Series - I actually bought this series a couple of years ago. Since I already have these books, I will primarily be studying jazz improvisation for guitar out of these. I'm obviously still on Vol. 1 (Jazz Lines) of the series. I agree with what has been presented so far, that in the study of jazz improvisation, it is more useful to focus on chord progressions rather than individual chords, as what seems to be the tendency in other jazz theory books. For example, if you are presented with the common ii-V-I progression, it is more useful to identify the major scale that those chords are built on, and improvise using that scale, instead of trying to memorize the tones of every chord individually.
Sheets Of Sound, Vol. I - A relatively new guitar method book, though I think of it more as a reference book than a book for studying guitar, due to the sheer volume of information ($30 gets you 300 pages!). The author, Jack Zucker, has a jazz background, but the book is written for a general audience. The book presents numerous unusual guitar fingering ideas that feel awkward at first but can help the guitarist break out of ruts. The way the guitar is typically laid out too easily tempts guitar players into playing what is only in their comfort zone, and thus allowing their fingers to dictate the music, instead of the other way around. The sweep picking is similar to what was presented in Frank "King of Sweep Picking" Gambale's method books, though I have yet to see material that presents sweep-picked arpeggios in the context of jazz chord progressions, which Gambale's books do have.
Both authors promise super chops to the reader. However, what neither author can do for the guitar student is make sure that student has the physical setup to be able to develop "super chops", unless that student is already taking meeting either author at a physical location for lessons. By "physical setup", I mean an umbrella term for the student's physical approach to the instrument, in particular how the fretting hand is being used and how the pick is being manipulated (use of a pick is pretty much needed to maximize the material in these books). Physical setup is the area where a good teacher can really, really help. The fretting hand has to be positioned in a way that allows for horizontal stretches that are comfortable and without strain. The Sheets Of Sound book in particular has numerous fingerings that require stretches over 6 frets or more. The more you can stretch your fretting hand, the wider the variety of chords and melodies you can play. As for the use of the pick, you have to find the right balance between holding the pick solidly enough to play an articulate note, and holding the pick in a relaxed enough manner to facilitate high-speed sweep and alternate picking. In short, the ability to play as relaxed as possible, using only enough tension as necessary to produce the desired musical result, is what is needed to really develop "super chops". I cannot brag too much at this time about my own chops, though I can sweep-pick a few arpeggios and scale runs with reasonable articulation.
I also have other learning resources such as Jimmy Bruno's No-Nonsense Jazz Guitar DVD and a couple of Jamey Aebersold Playalong/Method Book/CD sets. However, my self-teaching will be focused on the aforementioned two titles - the Conti books for the jazz theory, and the Zucker book for generalized technique practice, to whet my appetite for more "modern" style lines, as exemplified by the likes of Scott Henderson, Eric Johnson and Michael Brecker, than what is probably in Conti's books.
I'll try to report my progress. I hope to get around to installing Band In A Box soon to start practicing improvising, which is a different activity than practicing guitar technique and studying theory.
Wednesday, September 27, 2006
1985 Bears vs. 2004 Chargers
I then suffered through years of bad Charger football as then-General Manager Bobby Beathard methodically dismantled the team with a relentless barrage of bad draft-day decisions, bad free agent signings, and bad coaching hires. His crowning achievement was undoubtedly the drafting of QB Ryan Leaf and the hires of Kevin Gilbride, then Mike Riley to coach the team.
Current GM AJ Smith has done a fantastic job of reviving a franchise that was once a laughingstock of the NFL. He's made his share of mistakes, but they are far outweighed by his personnel decisions. The 2004 Charger team went 12-4 and made the playoffs for the first time in 9 years. It was in 2004 that the Chargers were once again recognized as high-powered offensive team, due to the emergence of explosive tight end Antonio Gates (who went on to set the touchdown record for TEs with 13 TDs) and the vastly improved efficiency of quarterback Drew Brees, to complement the already established star running back Ladanian Tomlinson. Their run defense was restored under new defensive coordinator Wade Philip's 3-4 system.
The 2006 Chargers may well be an even better team, with an improved pass rush and secondary, thanks to the addition of safety Marlon McCree and the drafting of talented cornerback Antonio Cromartie, who plays in nickel packages. They currently are ranked #1 against the pass (a longtime weakness in years past) and #2 overall in defense. The offensive line has benefitted from the addition of Marcus McNeill, who is an inexperienced rookie at left tackle but with tremendous upside. Backup RB Michael Turner has seen increased playing time, which saves some wear and tear on Tomlinson and keeps the ground game humming.
The 1985 Bears are still thought to have the finest defensive unit in the history of the NFL. That team also had the great running back Walter Payton.
A fun website called What If Sports is available for fans who want to try fantasy matchups, such as the 1985 Bears vs. the 2004 Chargers. Here are the game results, with full play-by-play:
http://www.whatifsports.com/nfl/boxscore.asp?GameID=2194087&ad=1
Thursday, September 14, 2006
Sequencer for Extended Just Intonation Tunings
In the author's own words (posted to the Yahoo MakeMicroMusic group):
I wrote a program that sequences JI, with a common set of intervals
that follow the mouse; if you hit T while one of these intervals is
up, that interval becomes 1/1 and the other notes change to show their
relationship to it. So it is possible to sequence a melody or
modulate or borrow chords from other tonalities without doing
multiplication.
The program runs in the Pure Data programming environment. The
simplest way to set it up is to download pd-extended from
http://puredata.info/downloads
My sequencer program:
https://www.puredata.info/Members/badmuthahubbard/index_html/view?searchterm=bad%20mutha%20hubbard
You have to start Pure Data (PD-extended) and make sure your audio is
set up, then open "JI.pd" from my folder. Some instructions are
below. I used this program to write the JI sonata at
http://www.badmuthahubbard.com/music.html
Saturday, July 29, 2006
Another favorite Boondocks episode
One of my favorite Boondocks TV episodes
Most of this episode was uploaded to YouTube:
Part 1
Part 2
The art teacher appears to be inspired by Bob Ross, of the Joy Of Painting fame.
As of today, the Boondocks First Season DVDs are the #3 top seller at Amazon. I guess this helps explain why between myself and several coworkers, we have found that five area Target stores were ALL sold out of these DVDs. I plan to get my own copy when I return from vacation.
Wednesday, July 05, 2006
New Blog links added (Choro Music, Physical Strategies)
Physical Strategies is a new blog started by martial artist and fitness trainer Tom Furman. Tom has an infectious enthusiasm for the martial arts and has an interesting perspective on training, as a theater worker with a highly irregular schedule.
Thursday, June 29, 2006
This is your brain on music
My one concern with this article is that it might discourage some adults from taking up a musical instrument.
Tuesday, June 20, 2006
Boondocks Highlight Reel
I love this show, even if the satire can be on the harsh side. Here's a 10-minute highlight reel that someone compiled, including the great kung fu fight scene between Huey and Riley.
Wednesday, June 14, 2006
Intriguing new Musical Toys from Blue Man Group

Toys occupy an honored place in the art of making music, particularly at the fringes. One of my fondest toys-and-music memories is watching a UCSD music professor (who taught a Rock Guitar class) take a "solo" on a toy guitar, lay it on the floor, douse it with lighter fluid, and set it ablaze as it continued to play its preprogrammed rock guitar riffs.
I can't wait to get my hands on these new toys from Blue Man Group. Check out the article at Music Thing.
Thursday, May 11, 2006
Mogwai show available as free download
I recently began playing in a band. When people ask what we sound like, I tell them Mogwai is a major influence. Unfortunately, few are familiar with this band. Thanks to NPR's quick turnaround, I can now point them to NPR's Mogwai in Concert page, where they can, free of charge, either listen to this live concert recording by streaming audio or download an MP3 file of the concert.
I've been to three Mogwai shows and this was the best so far. They featured more of their shorter, prettier songs, but mixed in enough intensity in their song selection to achieve good balance in their overall presentation. They really pushed the envelope at the end of their encore, blasting the audience with an aural assault that the likes of Merzbow and Whitehouse would be pround of.
Rockin' live version of Frankenstein by Edgar Winter Group
Edgar Winter is even more amazing in this video than on the version you may have heard a lot on classic rock radio. He positively rocks his brains out on synthesizers, sax, and drums - all on the same song. I love the crazy ending!
Wednesday, May 10, 2006
A simple pulse test to monitor recovery - by Steve Maxwell
Each morning for two weeks, take your pulse in bed upon waking. I use a hand held moniter that reads my pulse form my finger tips. I find that it is more accurate than counting from palpating my carotid artery. If you do use a manuel reading, take it for at least thirty seconds to reduce errors. Take three readings. At the end of the two weeks, you have your average pulse reading. Each morning, take a reading. If your pulse is more than 4 beats above your average, it means that you are not completely recovered and should take an easy workout that day. If the pulse is more than 4 beats above, rest completely.
This URL to his post is http://forum.dragondoor.com/training/message/402357%5C
Sunday, April 23, 2006
Three Documentary Films about Brazil and Music
Brasileirinho
A moving tribute to choro, a musical genre that predates better known Brazilian genres such as samba and bossa nova, and has a sound that is very distinct, compared to those other genres. Choro is a style that favors improvisation, though some choro hits have vocals. Some for the sake of comparison describe choro as the Brazilian equivalent of New Orleans jazz. For some odd reason, I think of Argentinian Tango too. I was captivated by this music and picked up the excellent New Old Music an album of choro classics recently recorded by Modern Traditions Ensemble.
This Is Bossa Nova: The History and Stories
A tribute to bossa nova, focusing on the musings and anecdotes of legendary songwriters Roberto Menescal and Carlos Lyra. One highlight of the film was Menescal explaining why bossa nova is such a soft style of music. The bossa nova musicians lived in thin-walled apartments, so they were forced to play softly.
Favela Rising
This is the story of Anderson Sa, a founder of Afro Reggae, an organization dedicated to promoting music and dance to at-risk youth in the favelas, the slums of Rio De Janeiro. Anderson says he was a drug dealer until his brother was killed during the infamous 1993 massacre in his home favela, Vigario Geral, in which corrupt police killed 21 favela residents. Instead of seeking revenge, Anderson co-founded Grupo Cultural Afro Reggae. Favela Rising was my favorite of the three, due to the powerful emotional content.
The contrast between the bird's eye view of Rio De Janeiro at end of This Is Bossa Nova and a very similar view of the same city at beginning of Favela Rising is striking. The former is very much like a postcard, whereas the latter is noticeably darker and goes on to show the favelas, which are not shown at all in the former.
Tuesday, April 18, 2006
Update on Low Back Recovery, Training
I decided not to continue Yoga study because the softball season just started and I feel the practice of CST as a physical training approach will be sufficient for continued recovery.
CST encompasses a vast array of exercises and exercise programs. One core program of my practice is Intu-Flow™. In the words of CST creator Scott Sonnon:
Intu-Flow™ - a combination of the phrase "Intuitive Flow" - refers to the fact that our bodymind knows precisely what it needs for pain-free health and longevity. Intu-Flow™, as a result, is an incrementally progressive system of dynamic joint mobility exercise to release stored tension and break up calcium deposits, connective tissue adhesions and fascial density. Getting Intu-Flow™ restores energy by washing our entire matrix of connective tissue in nutrition and lubrication, which in turn vitalizes one's health, removes pain, and promotes longevity, because "we are as old as our connective tissue."
Intu-Flow also introduces the Quad Hop, Spinal Rock, and breathing/vibration drills. The Spinal Rock in particular has been a major part of my back recovery training. The bonus Extension program and Mini-Clubs that come with the Intu-Flow package are a gentle introduction to weighted resistance training with Clubbells.
Another CST program I have been following is the Swipe Density Program as detailed int the book CST Core Cadre Curriculum. The Swipe is a Clubbell exercise that has a good track record of fixing backs and it definitely seems to be working great for me. The book also has instruction on other Clubbell combination routines, but the Swipe has been my main focus.
Yes, I just became an RMax affiliate. Virtually all my workouts are from the RMax canon, so why not? I've tried various physical training methods and equipment, but getting hurt changed my perspective. CST has been my main training approach in my recovery from my injuries. It's worked great for me and I intend to stick to what works. Another reason I'm sticking to CST is that it is a best fit for my personal fitness goals. The primary goal is health. The secondary goals are performance goals - not absolutely necessary for my life or my chosen "sport" of music, but are goals which will help me focus my training: these included replicating breakdancers' feats in which the dancer's body is entirely supported on his/her arms and learning all the Clubbell combination routines.
People work out for various reasons, whether that reason happens to be bigger muscles, fat loss, better performance at a particular sport, and so on. It seems like a lot of people sacrifice their health for these goals. It also seems like most of us equate big muscles or superior sport performance with great health, which isn't necessarily so. Stories abound of athletes, even at the elite level, sacrificing their health for performance at their sport. CST may be unique in that it is a system that makes your health the highest priority.
Tuesday, April 11, 2006
Saturday, March 25, 2006
Mobile Music: Tracker for Nintendo DS, DS Homebrew Music Roundup - createdigitalmusic.com
This article on createdigitalmusic.com announces a new homebrew music composition tool for the Nintendo DS.
I'm still waiting for the Nintendo DS Lite to come out, as opposed to the current Nintendo DS, on account of the reportedly brighter screen.
Thursday, March 16, 2006
I finally put some of my own music online
The two songs:
16-Tone Tag - Laptop improvisation using the following software: Numerology, FM7, Quicktime Instruments (for the cheesy drums at the end). Performed at Open Minijax, recorded and mastered by Derek Morton.
The Call Of The Nafs - Improvisation on kemancheh and Cocolase Device. Many thanks to Peter Blasser, the brilliant electronic instrument designer and musician, for making my Cocolase and the piezo pickup taped to my kemanceh.
Oh, and the MySpace page is here
Wednesday, March 15, 2006
Good "Introduction To Synthesis" thread
Tuesday, March 07, 2006
In the Express Lane: Learning the Cello as an Adult
Friday, March 03, 2006
Time to Shine for Autistic Boy
Thursday, March 02, 2006
Selective Tension Breathing Technique by Scott Sonnon
, by Scott Sonnon, explains how one applies Selective Tension in conjunction with Performance Breathing while practicing exercises from Scott's Circular Strength Training (CST) system.
A key quality of CST as opposed to other exercise methodologies is Performance Breathing and how it works along with the movements. One learns how to be breathed by the movement instead of forcing the breath and generating unnecessary tension - this really comes into play during sports performance, martial arts, and other movements outside of the gym. Selective Tension is how one is able to perform movements that require effort without locking up the entire body with full-body tension, which is rarely needed in life aside from a max effort barbell lift or holding a strenous posture on the gymnastic rings.
Note the article was published in 2004. Since that time, Trinity Breathing exercises have been included in a more recent RMAX product entitled Intu-Flow. I highly recommend Intu-Flow as the starter program for CST.
New link added - Edge
Edge Foundation, Inc., was established in 1988 as an outgrowth of a group known as The Reality Club. Its informal membership includes of some of the most interesting minds in the world.
The mandate of Edge Foundation is to promote inquiry into and discussion of intellectual, philosophical, artistic, and literary issues, as well as to work for the intellectual and social achievement of society. Edge Foundation, Inc. is a nonprofit private operating foundation under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.
From the About The Reality Club page:In January, 1997, The Reality Club has now migrated to the Internet on Edge. Here you will find a number of today's sharpest minds taking their ideas into the bull ring knowing they will be challenged. The ethic is thinking smart vs. the anesthesiology of wisdom.
Through the years, The Reality Club has had a simple criterion for choosing speakers. We look for people whose creative work has expanded our notion of who and what we are. A few Reality Club speakers and/or Edge presenters are bestselling authors or are famous in the mass culture. Most are not. Rather, we encourage work on the cutting edge of the culture, and the investigation of ideas that have not been generally exposed. We are interested in "thinking smart;" we are not interested in the anesthesiology of "wisdom." The motto of the Club is "to arrive at the edge of the world's knowledge, seek out the most complex and sophisticated minds, put them in a room together, and have them ask each other the questions they are asking themselves."
Whether you agree or disagree, Edge has a lot of intellectually stimulating reading material. Check it out!Wednesday, February 15, 2006
Electrotap Hemisphere Speaker
Thursday, February 09, 2006
Some tips on using a Cocolase
It is great that you are going to pick it up yourself and figure out how to use it in the way your are planning on using it (I'm on the west coast) because the imputs are the most sensitive thing on the instrument, I am finding. He made their impedance such that you can play through the device using a piezo mike without preamps (I use aux loops so I don't need this, but that's cool). But that makes it so that it picks up radio signals really easily, particularly since I want to use one of the imputs as a "probe", unclipping and reclipping an allegator-1/4" and using my fingers and palms to connect the modulation imputs through my bodies electrical field. You can make absolutely insane sounds by putting all your fingers inside the sidrassi and then send each loop its own independant intermodulated signals for flip, skip, and sample rate/loop length.
Another easy one is putting your palm down on one of the modulation bar since all the big brassos are modulation imputs to the main osc so you connect all the petals on one side together.
Is is VERY important to note that sample rate and loop length seem to be directly related, with the longest loops being interesting digital mud and only the ones that are about 1-30 seconds (or even less) are really all that discernable as the original signal. But the cool thing about this is that you can send a insane mix of 8oscs in control rate to modulate this sample rate and it does the math perfectly. (Edit: then again, how would I know if it does the math perfectly? It just sounds completely bonkers).
Doing more subtle things I found you could send a simple pretty loop of your singer's voice or something and attach just one of the sidrassi petals to flip or skip and set a nice long IP time, sit down and wait five minutes, and gradually the loop will twist and warp into something totally unrecognisable, but still clearly a mangled low fi recording of a melodic womans voice.
When you get it we'll have to do a thread showing ours off and comparing our experiences.
And with the radio thing: Peter replied immediately to my request for help and the answer may be that I wil have to install some resisters near the imputs, but I am investigating this later today. No big deal, since I plan on using my mixer's preamps to manage the audio signals going through the cocolase anyways.
Monday, February 06, 2006
The greatest electric guitarist you never heard of
Friday, February 03, 2006
Mark Tilden - Robosapien's Inventor :: Reviews and Ratings Network
If you've ever wondered what goes on in the mind of Mark Tilden, creator of Robosapien and its mechanical brethren, you'll love this interview at YouReview. Tilden sounds off on the Robosapien mods ("best potential hacks are installing stereo camera transmitters in the head"), life as an expat robot-maker in Hong Kong ("it's just a good thing I liked the movie Blade Runner so much") and what's next for WowWee ("Actually it's all top secret, but it'll be good. Promise.") A great look at the man who made robots fun again (though he leaves out his plans for inevitable world domination).
Tuesday, January 31, 2006
the physical genius
What do Wayne Gretzky, Yo-Yo Ma, and a brain surgeon named Charlie Wilson have in common?
A choice excerpt:
If you think of physical genius as a pyramid, with, at the bottom, the raw components of coordination, and, above that, the practice that perfects those particular movements, then this faculty of imagination is the top layer.
Another choice excerpt:
Michael Jordan and Karl Malone, his longtime rival, did not differ so much in their athletic ability or in how obsessively they practiced. The difference between them is that Jordan could always generate a million different scenarios by which his team could win, some of which were chunks stored in long-term memory, others of which were flights of fancy that came to him, figuratively and literally, in midair.
Bodyweight Conditioning progress and questions from an adventure racer (Coach Sommer?): Kettlebells, Strength, Fitness, Martial Arts
Monday, January 30, 2006
Caught On Video - Early 19th Century Ju Jitsu fight Caught on Video as these English men demonstrate Martial Arts moves to the camera for history sake
Friday, January 27, 2006
German engineering-v-Arab technology - Google Video
Amazing use of choir for car commercial
Lindsay Mac - Singer, Songwriter, Cellist
I read about Lindsay Mac on the NAMM Oddities report. She is a singer/cellist who straps on her cello like a guitar. I like what I've heard of her songwriting so far.
Thursday, January 19, 2006
Glosoli video and background
"Mike51" gives you a choice between RealAudio, Windows Media, and Quicktime formats for the video.
How to make music with Electroplankton: 101 - DS Fanboy
I still have a Game Boy Color, with the Nanoloop and Little Sound DJ music-making software cartridges for it. So when I heard about Electroplankton, I became more interested in the latest incarnation of Nintendo's portable video game system.
This is the first serious article I've seen on making music with Electroplankton. No doubt I will incorporate some of the advice presented if and when I finally pick up a Nintendo DS.
Wednesday, January 18, 2006
Digital Television, Part 1: Making Sense of it all - Engadget
Friday, January 13, 2006
My first Iyengar style Yoga class
Yoga is often recommended as a solution for low-back problems, so I started looking into it. Last night, I took an introductory class at one of the Unity Woods Yoga studios. I had tried a couple of Yoga classes here and there but this was the first that was explicitly advertised as an Iyengar style class. I have already forgotten many details, but I do remember the following:
- Child pose
- Triangle pose
- Low back/hamstring stretch with fingertips against a wall, as preparation for a forward bending pose (which was demonstrated by the instructor but not taught to us)
- Easy pose
- Hero pose
- Tree pose
- Warrior pose
- Mountain pose
We finished by wrapping straps around our thighs and lying down, face up with our legs against the wall. This was an interesting choice of finishing pose that I hadn't seen before.
I like the Iyengar approach, as represented by Unity Woods, for its emphasis on alignment and use of devices such as blocks, blankets, ropes, etc. to relieve pain and/or compensate for range-of-motion limitations. Also, their winter session classes had not yet begun whereas those of the other studio I was looking already started last week.
The most important result was my back was painless at the end of class.
So, I'll start taking the Level 1 Iyengar class next week and update my logs as needed
Ricci Adams' Musictheory.net
Thursday, January 12, 2006
The Bread Is Famously Good, but It Killed McDonald's - New York Times
Great story of how a McDonald's franchise lost to the best bread in Italy.
Tuesday, January 10, 2006
Adding Spiral 'Internal' Power to the Pushup
Screwing Pushups may undoubtedly be useful for developing power for martial arts hand strikes. I suspect the power developed by this type of movement may also be useful for sportive activities as well. I felt a bit of a load on my obliques from the Screwing Squat Pushup and anticipate even more of a load in the other variations. In any case, it may be worth practicing for the sheer challenge and enjoyment of the movement itself.
Monday, January 09, 2006
How to get a world-class breakdancer's strength, balance, and flexibility
This article by Scott covers the fundamentals of Scott's initial approach. Please note his warning that the article does not present a complete program - it is intended to be used as a starting point or template on which one can base one's own program.
Saturday, January 07, 2006
408 lbs vs. 233 lbs.
Fedor Emilienko could well be the world's greatest MMA fighter in the heavyweight class. The above link is to his fight with a 408lb. fighter. It's shocking how quickly Fedor dispatches his opponent despite the obvious size disparity. Here's a pic of Fedor training:
Friday, January 06, 2006
Increasing sensitivity to high frequencies
However, the sound of those two high strings began to hurt again just before New Year's Eve. Fortunately, I brought my earplugs to the all night jam session in which I participated, as the processed sounds of electric violins and amplified lap steel guitar put out plenty of high frequencies that were threatening to my ears.
Last night, even the high string of my kemancheh produced the nasty sensation in my ear that usually attends a high-frequency assault. Also, I tested the high notes of my cheap digital piano and they too irritated me. Fortunately, the viola proved to not be irritating at all to my ears.
So what to do?
The very first thing I started to do today was take a vacation from listening to music via headphones. No more iTunes, no more iPod. We are periodically warned of the dangers to our ears imposed by headphone-delivered music. I've certainly done more than my fair share. After about a few days, I'm going to see if there is any improvement in the response of my ears to my violin or kemancheh. If there isn't any, I'll have to sell them both - there is no point in torturing myself.
Wednesday, January 04, 2006
The World's Healthiest Foods: Feeling Great
Tuesday, January 03, 2006
john gill's website
YRG is Yoga for Regular Guys
However, I'm hearing that Page's YRG may actually be worth checking out. Lots of regular guys are turned off by yoga due to certain stereotypes we associate with it, such as new age music and chanting. Yoga recast in a more guy-friendly image might be the answer...
Friday, December 30, 2005
Lemur Demo
BREITBART.COM - AP: U.S. Teen Runs Off to Iraq by Himself
This 16-year-old decided to spend his Christmas vacation practicing immersion journalism in Iraq. Whether you think he was courageous or just plain foolish, it's a heck of a story.
Thursday, December 29, 2005
Video of Woman Juggling a Kettlebell
Tuesday, December 27, 2005
mp.danwho.net -- SNL: Lazy Sunday Digital Short
Another silly video for your entertainment:
We Love The Chronic...les of Narnia.
Thursday, December 22, 2005
Lumbarred from Pain-Free Mobility?
Wednesday, December 21, 2005
H'arpeggione
At present, some sound samples can be heard on Erik Hind's MySpace page.
Tuesday, December 20, 2005
Impressive Korean breakdancer
Monday, December 19, 2005
The Secrets of Coral Castle
Interesting article about one of the world's mysteries - how did a 5-ft. tall, 100-lb. man build this impressive castle in Florida during the 1920s to 1940s, considering the heaviest rock an estimated 35 tons and the wall around the castle is 8ft tall and consists of blocks weighing several tons each?
Thursday, December 15, 2005
Election Day In Iraq
IRAQ THE MODEL, for those of you who just can't get enough....
Friday, December 09, 2005
The Firing This Time: The Drone Ranger Falls Again
If by the time you see this link the article is no longer available, just enter the key words in Google...
Tuesday, November 22, 2005
The Cochlea Homepage
"The first sensory system to fully develop by six months after conception is the vestibular system, which controls the sense of movement and balance. This system is the sensory system considered to have the most important influence on the other sensory systems and on the ability to function in everyday life. Directly or indirectly, the vestibular system influences nearly everything we do. It is the unifying system in our brain that modifies and coordinates information received from other systems. The vestibular system functions like a traffic cop, telling each sensation where and when it should go or stop."
Crossfit.com discussion board: After Gymnasts Hang Up Their Grips...
Friday, November 18, 2005
Sound of India
Tuesday, November 15, 2005
The American Girevik
I understand the Americans placed 6th, beating out Germany, Hungary, and others. The Russians, not surprisingly, continue to dominate the sport, though these particular Americans continue to learn and work hard at the sport.
Friday, November 11, 2005
KATE BUSH: AERIAL
For those of you looking for sample tracks from Kate Bush's latest album, here is a good place to look.
Sounds like it may be a good modern pop album...
Thursday, November 10, 2005
New link added - HOMOPLASMATE
The book Da Vinci Code seems to have revived public interest in alternative forms of Christianity, particularly Gnosticism. I just bought a hardcover edition of the Gnostic Bible and look forward to reading it.
yogalila: November Yoga Challenge - Core Power
Art De Vany: Flu Season
Wednesday, October 26, 2005
An Overview of Charles Staley's Annual Training Summit
A report from well-known strength coach Charles Staley's latest "boot camp". Those who have been following Scott Sonnon's and Pavel Tsatsouline's training methods will recognize several references:
- Quality over quantity in exercise
- Intelligent load cycling (no excessive jumps)
- Intelligent exercise selection (Olympic lifters should not waste time on Cybex machines, MMA fighters should not waste time on Olympic lifts, etc.)
- Include RPE (Rate of Perceived Effort) in your training log
- You can increase exercise difficulty without changing the load (especially applies to bodyweight exercise) by changing some parameters
- The CNS (Central Nervous System) is your real source of power, not the muscles.
I can vouch for Dr. Eric Cobb, who has been instrumental in my successful shoulder rehab and recovery effort. The section on Dr. Cobb goes into more detail on the role of the CNS in strength training.
Russian Kettlebells: The Need To Train Like a Man - Especially If You Are a Woman!
Very good strength training article for women, written by a certified Russian kettlebell trainer who happens to be a woman. She has her own website.
Friday, October 21, 2005
A little update on my low back rehab
My back rehab routine is mostly based on the concepts of Dr. Stuart McGill, supplemented with Jumpstretch band work using ideas in this PDF. I believe the McGill exercises achieved their goal of stabilizing my spine enough to progress to safe exercise with my Clubbells, Kettlebell, and Power Wheel.
As far as my pain progress, the irritation that I feel in my left or right hip (varies from day to day - always one side but never both at the same time) after more than 5 min. of sitting in my chair at work is a bit diminished from about 2 months ago. It hasn't gotten any worse since I reintroduced weight training (Clubbells) into my exercise routine nearly 2 weeks ago.
My plan of attack is to continue building on the McGill exercise concepts. The very basic rehab program is built on what he calls the Big 3:
1. Side Bridges for working the obliques and other muscles along the sides of the spine, with minimal load on the spine.
2. Bird Dog for working the back extensors, again while minimizing spinal load.
3. Ab Curlups for working the abdominals without involving the lower spine.
What all 3 have in common is they are used to build muscular endurance for holding the position in the targeted area, rather than limit strength. I believe they are meant to be used in the beginning of a rehab program, for those whose backs are in really bad shape. So what I am doing to build upon those ideas include:
1. Side Bridges with a 36lb. kettlebell for added resistance
2. Power Wheel Hand Walks to train endurance for the core (abs, back, etc.) as it works to maintain the straight body position
I also plan to use a Clubbell Swipe Density program to rebuild strength-endurance in my hips and low back. I have not entered the density program proper, as I am still in the "strength practice" phase of the preparatory program for density training.
I also plan to do more band Good Mornings with my Jumpstretch bands. The band good morning, as taught in the booklet I got from Elite Fitness Systems, is basically starting with the band around the neck and the feet on the band in a squat position, standing up, then squatting down again. I plan to work up to 20 reps with my purple (light) band then move up to my green (medium) band and work up to 20 reps with the green.
Finally, I'll continue using select exercises from Rmax's Be Breathed and Body-Flow for their restorative and tension releasing properties.
Art De Vany on Sports and Spines
Good summary of the effects of various sports on the spine. Elsewhere in the blog, De Vany cites the work of Dr. Stuart McGill, an expert in spinal biomechanics. I have been making good progress using McGill's concepts in my own back rehab. Check out McGill's site here.
Wednesday, October 19, 2005
My new kemancheh
I figured that the playing method for this instrument would be different than playing viola, but it was a real shock to me when I actually tried it for the first time. Among the differences between playing kemancheh and viola/violin:
1. You rotate the kemancheh itself when you move to a different string. You move the bow around the viola/violin when you move to a different string.
2. Because your left hand has to rotate the instrument, it is less free to move around for vibrato and glissando. Because the viola/violin is supported between the shoulder and chin, the left hand is freer for those techniques.
3. You control the bow tension with your hand instead of setting the tension with a knob and leaving it there.
4. Violin/Viola is a bit louder than kemancheh
5. The sound is more "exotic" than the violin/viola
I'm excited to add this instrument to my arsenal.
Sunday, October 16, 2005
Friday, September 30, 2005
New link added - Sonny Sharrock on improvisation
The ideal type of improviser, which I strive to become:
There are three basic types of improvisers, the foremost being "the creator," who has an insatiable need to tell his story. For him, improvisation is only a tool. He plays each solo as if it were his last. He will not be compromised, nor will he be stopped.
I believe this applies to several types of instrumentalists, not just guitarists:
Regardless of the style of music, guitarists are such an insular group that they have become incestuous. They never listen to other instruments, but instead feed upon each other. It's no wonder that everyone sounds the same.
On musicians that all jazz improvisers should know:
I'm always slightly amused when I see a magazine mention Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, or John Coltrane along with an identification of their instrument. How can anyone think of being a musician and not be familiar with these men? If you ever hope to be a serious improviser, you have to know what, how, and why these and many others contributed to improvisation.
On freedom and improvisation:
Finally, there is freedom--the most misunderstood and the most misused of all these elements. Freedom grows out of improvisation. It is both your emotional peak and your deeper self. It is the cry of jazz. The one rule for playing free is that you can play anything you want. A critic once remarked to me that it takes a great amount of taste to play free. He was wrong. Artists cannot be hampered by the restriction of taste. What playing free does take is imagination and confidence. In free playing, there is nothing else to stand on; it's like walking in space. If you're confident, you will not fall. The road forms beneath your feet as your imagination takes you places arrived at by no other means. My confidence in the beauty of the music carries me through.
On soloing as art:
Your solo should be a work of art, not a technical display, which is the most difficult part to trying to create great work. Your work must be great, or it is nothing. There is no middle ground. A couple of years ago I toured Europe playing duos with saxophonists and other guitarists. We played in museums, coffee houses and anyplace where 20 to 30 people could fit into. I took these gigs partly as a challenge, because I wanted to see if I could make music without a rhythm section behind me. About halfway through the first set on the first night, I realized that I had not gone to any of the beautiful places that music always takes me. Instead, I was struggling to come up with ideas and devices to make the music meaningful. I failed. Night after night I failed. Duke Ellington was right, when he stated the first rule of music in his song title "it Don't Mean A Thing If It Ain't Got That Swing." I had forgetton this. I was trying to be interesting and clever, but instead I ended up playing bullshit.
On swing in jazz improvisation:
Music can be played at breakneck tempos, or as slow as the most painful blues. It can be composed or improvised, but swing it must. The swing that I use is the same swing that Benny Moten spoke of in the 1930s, that Bird and Dizzy used in the 50s, that Thelonious Monk turned inside out and Miles turned into a groove, and that Coltrane, Ornette, and Cecil Taylor set free. Goddammit, you really can't play without it!
On craft and equipment:
All great improvisers spend many years developing their own sound. On the other hand, many guitarists buy their sound in little boxes, or, if they can afford it, in rack-mounted "stairways to heaven." If their individuality is ever questioned, they just point to their digital read-outs to show that their numbers are different from the other guy's in town. Ultimately, your sound is your hands. It may take a lifetime for it to reach its fullness, but playing is a lifetime gig. if you're not totally serious, do yourself and the world a favor and just do weddings, or buy a can of mousse and become a 6-string gladiator from hell and make some money.
And finally, the powerful conclusion:
Remember that your improvisation must have feeling. It must swing and it must have beauty, be it the fragile beauty of a snowflake or the terrible beauty of an erupting volcano. Beauty--no matter how disturbing or how still--is always true. Don't be afraid to let go of the things you know. Defy your weaker, safer self. Create. Make music.
Thursday, September 22, 2005
Bennink drums cheese
Check out these pics of the great free improv drummer Hans Bennink playing drums of cheese!
Friday, September 02, 2005
Sunday, August 14, 2005
Ishkur's Guide to Electronic Music
Excellent guide to the myriad of genres that fall under "electronica"
Friday, August 12, 2005
Badass Parkour Video
Tuesday, August 09, 2005
Kid Beyond feature on Ableton
Sunday, August 07, 2005
Steve Maxwell on Dragon Twisting
Steve Maxwell in this post recommends 20 reps a side.
I'm definitely guilty of skipping the bodyweight version to work on the racked KB version. Since my current low back injury situation restricts the amount of exercise I can do with a load, I'll use this opportunity to work on the unweighted version.
Wednesday, August 03, 2005
The Prasara-Softwork Weekend Seminar
Saturday - Prasara
I wasn't sure what to expect - the Body-Flow™ DVDs have over 30 biomechanical exercises (the "basics") and 10 kinetic chains - these plus Prasara is a lot to squeeze into 4 hours. As it turned out, the focus for this day was on Prasara. We covered 3 of the 5 flows.
Forest - Rise into a Tree pose, do a variation of 4 Corner Balance drill, and lower yourselfon your leg, then a negative screwing pushup (I can't describe this well, of course I forgot in what direction to screw too).
Flock of Pigeons - As the name implies, a bunch of Pigeon poses sandwiched between Body-Flow™ moves. I finally learned how to do a Double Shin Roll.
Spider Monkey - Quad Squat to Side Plank to Side Crow to Bridge/Table to... I forgot. We were shown a mobility drill for the arms in which the back of the palm is placed against the ground, as compensatory movement for the demand on the arms imposed by this flow.
Forest was the shortest of the flows. The other two were fairly long. Everybody that I spoke to loved the Prasara flows. For those of us, such as myself, who could not do the full versions of the movements (eg. I can't do Side Crow because I can't do a Crow (aka Frog Stand) for more than 10 sec.), we were presented with "training wheel" versions to use.
Sunday - Softwork
The focus for this Softwork seminar was on ground engagements. We were shown how the Body-Flow™ moves relate to Softwork. We were also shown some hip mobility drills - some from Body-Flow™, some from Warrior Wellness™, but done while lying down.
First we did some partner drills with one person on the ground, the other attacking. There were a bunch of them... I can't remember them all. But it seemed that the common thread in all of them was to look for your partner's tension chain and use that to for your advantage. The more experienced guys let me "get" them to understand the feel. It wasn't really about grappling in a competitive way. At least I don't think so. As the "defender", the objective was clear enough - as the attacker I didn't really know what to do, but I played as best as I could.
Then we moved on to basic shock absorption. Things got interesting really quick when we got into groups of 3 and 4, with one guy on the ground and the others stomping on the guy and/or wrestling him. I learned during my first multiple attacker session to not close my eyes. I was doing that to try to relax and absorb the kicks, knees, etc. That was fine, but being "blind", I was moving right into someone's attack. I also learned that its hard to get my own attacks in as one of the multiple attackers, due to the others getting in my way and the skill of the guy on the ground.
I don't consider myself a martial artist. Though I've studied a bit here and there, I don't practice MA (unless you count CST) now. As such (I think there was at least one other - be interesting to read his perspective), I came away with a better understanding of how Body-Flow practice can be useful training for grappling. I remember when I tried Judo and BJJ, how hard it was for me if I ended up in the bottom with somebody on top of me - even if the other person was cooperating in a static drill. Today, without any grappling practice in over 4 years, I noticed a greater comfort level and ease of movement in grappling than I ever did before. I credit this to the mobility I have gained from solo CST practice.